The rotating shafts that transmit power from the transaxle to the front wheels in front- wheel-drive vehicles. On a rear-wheel-drive vehicle with independent suspension, halfshafts transmit power from the rear differential to the rear wheels.

Headlamps that use a bulb filled with halogen gas and produce a whiter, brighter beam than conventional incandescent sealed-beam headlamps. Standard on all Ford passenger cars and most light trucks. Most vehicles also feature a replaceable bulb design.

The general term used to describe all aspects of a vehicle’s behavior as related to its directional control.

The cloth-covered or hardboard liner attached to the roof of most vehicles that provides a clean, luxurious appearance and helps to reduce interior noise levels.

A feature that helps provide quick engine starting by keeping engine block coolant warm to build up heat for the heater system. The engine block immersion heater plugs into a conventional AC electrical outlet and is:

• Suggested for use when temperatures are between 0¼F and -10¼F
• Recommended between -10¼F and -20¼F
• Strongly recommended below -20¼F

Integrated garage door opener that can be easily programmed to control an estate gate and a home security system, replacing up to three remotes.

Integrated garage door opener that can be easily programmed to control an estate gate and a home security system, replacing up to three remotes.

The amount of power needed to lift a 550-lb. object at a rate of one foot in one second. Horsepower is expressed as the torque in lb.-ft. times the number of revolutions per minute divided by the constant 5252:
HP = Torque x Engine Speed - (T x rpm) 5252
Gross horsepower is obtained by a dynamometer test of an engine equipped only with the built-in accessories essential to its operation, such as fuel pump, oil pump, coolant pump and built-in emissions control equipment Net horsepower is obtained by a dynamometer test of a complete engine equipped with all the accessories necessary to perform its intended functions unaided, including the air- intake system, exhaust system, cooling system, generator, starter and emissions control equipment.

A maintenance-free valve lifter that can adjust its length slightly using simple valving and the engine’s oil pressure to maintain zero clearance in the valvetrain to reduce valvetrain noise.