A blend of 85 percent fuel ethanol and 15 percent unleaded gasoline. Ethanol-based fuels such as E-85 have reduced hydrocarbon exhaust emissions compared to unleaded gasoline hydrocarbon emissions levels, thus helping to reduce smog. E-85 burns approximately 60 percent cleaner than existing federal standards require. The nationally available Taurus and Ranger 3.0L Flexible Fuel Vehicle (FFV) can operate on E-85, unleaded gasoline or any combination of the two fuels.

• Engine emissions
• Catalyst efficiency
• Fuel system
• Evaporative emissions
• Exhaust gas recirculation

Potential improvements in:

• Performance
• Driveability
• Fuel economy
• Emissions control

The EEC-V System is the fifth and newest generation of Ford’s Electronic Engine Controls and includes a second-generation On-Board Diagnostics System (OBD II) EEC-V with OBD II was developed to accommodate the goals of achieving mandated emissions control and improving vehicle performance EEC-V accomplishes this task faster and more precisely than its predecessors The EEC-V module actually incorporates 25 percent more functions, 60 percent more memory and more than a dozen new integrated circuits than EEC-IV

One benefit is that the EEC-V system also will enable Ford vehicles to incorporate the latest California Air Resources Board (CARB) OBD II requirements designed to help control vehicle emissions. As other states adopt more stringent emissions regulations, EEC-V will be able to adapt to these as well

A system in which a portion of the exhaust gases are recirculated into the combustion chamber for additional burning. Mixing exhaust gases with a new air/fuel mixture helps reduce harmful nitrogen oxide emissions.

Three types of circuit disconnect devices are used to protect the vehicle’s electrical system from overload damage:

• Fuses
• Fuse links
• Circuit breakers

• Fuses and circuit breakers
• Provision for accessory fuses and two flashers
• Two-pronged contact fuse design easily plugs into panel. Several models’ fuse boxes include:
• Swing-down design
• Removal tool
• Fuse chart
• Spare fuses

See Mirrors.

EBD automatically optimizes the front-to-rear brake force distribution to reduce the tendency of rear wheel lockup, especially when the vehicle is unladen. Effective in braking conditions before ABS operates, EBD also eliminates the need for a hydraulic brake- proportioning valve.2 1

A modern, efficient method of fuel delivery that replaces carburetors in all Ford passenger cars and light trucks with gasoline engines EFI precisely controls the amount of fuel used and improves the dispersion of fuel in the air charge, improving driveability, fuel economy and performance of the engine Variations of EFI used in Ford vehicles include:

• Multi-port Electronic Fuel Injection (MEFI)
  Also known as direct port injection, MEFI uses individual port-mounted injectors to deliver fuel directly to the intake inlet for each cylinder. This more even distribution of fuel improves power balance between the cylinders, maximizes combustion efficiency and improves driveability and performance. The system squirts fuel into each cylinder with every revolution of the crankshaft
• Sequential Multi-port Electronic Fuel Injection (SEFI)
  A specific type of multi-port injection that delivers fuel in more precisely timed pulses corresponding to the opening of each intake valve, SEFI takes advantage of the atomized fuel spray from the injectors to achieve a more precise combustion for better performance, often with improved fuel economy

A Ford Motor Company-designed and built electronic ignition is standard on all domestic gasoline engines. The system is either an:

• Electronic Ignition System (EI), or
• Integrated Electronic Ignition (EI) System coil on plug (COP) For a detailed description of the EDIS system, refer to the Electronic Ignition System entry. Thick Film Distributor-type Integrated Ignition (TFI) components:
• Provide a high level of spark energy to ensure ignition under a wide variety of operating conditions
• Are virtually maintenance-free during normal use, except for routine spark plug service

A system that eliminates the moving parts normally found in a conventional distributor ignition. Fewer moving parts result in reduced maintenance and more precise engine ignition control.

All Ford cars use an integral electronic voltage regulator with specific amp ratings based on vehicle requirements. The regulator delivers precise voltage control for stable battery charging and total solid-state construction, which means there are no moving parts to wear out.

Because of differing emissions-control regulations in certain areas, alternate option codes are listed for these special situations. California Emissions Systems are required on cars sold for registration in states with California-law-based emissions standards.

In all passenger cars and light trucks sold in the U.S., energy-absorbing steering columns are designed to collapse in the event of occupant contact in a frontal collision, reducing the potential head and chest injuries to the driver.

These are systems added to a diesel engine which allow the driver to energize an engine- derived vehicle retardation system. Some engine brakes utilize compression pressures while the most common are those that employ engine exhaust. In either case, the principle is to let the engine help retard the vehicle thus saving on wheel brake wear.

Piston Configurations:
1.Gasoline Engines
There are two types of piston configurations available on Ford passenger cars and light trucks: In-line (I-4) and V-type (V-6, V-8 or V-10).

• An in-line engine has all of the cylinders in a single line with the pistons moving vertically in the cylinders
• Pairs of pistons are located 180 degrees of crankshaft revolution from one another in an in-line four-cylinder engine
• A V-angle engine has cylinder banks formed in a V-type engine design, measured in degrees
• A 60-degree V-6 is narrow by design and has excellent natural balance characteristics
• Engine vibration is reduced as the number of cylinders is increased, whatever the V-angle, because the impulse of each cylinder firing occurs more frequently

• Diesel fuel is compressed until it reaches a temperature hot enough for combustion
• Glow plugs are used to preheat the air in the cylinders and to ensure easy starting on cold days
• Heavier weight components are used in some areas to handle the higher compression ratio generally more than twice that of gasoline engines

The laboratory-derived mileage as determined by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) using simulated real-world driving conditions. There are two different fuel economy estimates for each vehicle, one for city driving and one for highway driving. To generate these two estimates, separate tests are used to represent typical everyday driving in a city and in a rural setting. The test used to determine the city fuel economy estimate simulates a 7.5-mile, stop-and- go trip with an average speed of 20 miles per hour (mph). The trip takes 23 minutes and has 18 stops. About 18 percent of the time is spent idling, as in waiting at traffic lights or in rush hour traffic. Two kinds of engine starts are used the cold start, which is similar to starting a car in the morning after it has been parked all night; and the hot start, similar to restarting a vehicle after it has been warmed up, driven, and stopped for a short time. The test to determine the highway fuel economy estimate represents a mixture of non-city driving. Segments corresponding to different kinds of rural roads and interstate highways are included. The test simulates a 10-mile trip and averages 48 mph. The test is run from a hot start and has little idling time and no stops (except at the end of the test).
Note: To make the numbers more useful for consumers, EPA adjusts these laboratory test results to account for the difference between controlled laboratory conditions and actual driving on the road. The laboratory fuel economy results are adjusted downward to arrive at the estimates on the labels seen on new cars, light trucks, and vans. The city estimate is lowered by 10 percent and the highway estimate by 22 percent from the laboratory test results. Experience has proven that these adjustments make the mileage estimates correspond more closely to the actual fuel economy realized by the average driver.

The science of the interface between human and machine. In automobiles, ergonomics pertains to the designing and arrangement of instrumentation, switches and controls, so they can be most effectively and safely operated by occupants.

The passage through which exhaust gases from the engine cylinder head is channeled to the exhaust pipes.

An option package designed to improve a vehicle’s performance and add convenience for occupants in cold climates. Available on select models; contents of group may vary by vehicle line.